If rgb2something can't be vectorized, and you want to process one typical image, then you can get a decent speedup using np.unique. Original answer (perhaps still useful to some) That said the example may overestimate lookup cost, because random pixels are presumably less cache friendly than natural images. We can see that the best lookup beats the best on-the-fly computation by a whisker. Lookup using fancy indexing 0.064 seconds Process on the fly (no lookup) 0.127 seconds Resv = calculate_distance_vectorized(lutv, rgb)Īssert np.allclose(res, resotf) and np.allclose(res, resv) \Īnd np.allclose(res, resbla) and np.allclose(lutv, lutb) Td.append((time.time(), 'lookup using fancy indexing')) Td.append((time.time(), 'process on the fly (blas)')) Td.append((time.time(), 'process on the fly (no lookup)')) Td.append((time.time(), 'lookup using np.take')) Td.append((time.time(), 'create lut using blas')) Td.append((time.time(), 'create lut vectorized')) We only compare a random sample, using the original codeįor r, g, b in np.random.randint(0, 256, (1000, 3)):Īssert np.isclose(lut, rgb2something(r, g, b)) """Because the original lut generator is excruciatingly slow, Return rgb2something_vectorized(np.transpose(np.indices((256, 256, 256))))ĭef calculate_distance_vectorized(lut, input_image): class Full_Model(Model):Ĭh = np.linalg.cholesky(Model.inverse_pooled_covariance) I've also added a random row to x to make its covariance matrix non singular. Unless you are very patient you probably also want to comment out the lut = generate_lut() and result = calculate_distance(lut, rgb) lines and all references to cv2. Just add it to the end of OP's code (under EDIT 2). With blas dtrmm we can exploit its triangular structureĪnd here is the code. (2) use proper lookup, i.e fancy indexing, not np.take (1) vectorize, vectorize! It is not so difficult to vectorize essentially everything in this code. There are several straightforward and very effective optimizations: Return np.take(lut, input_image + (input_image * 256) + (input_image * 65536)) Mah = g.T.dot(Model.inverse_pooled_covariance).dot(g) ** 0.5ĭef calculate_distance(lut, input_image): #Calculates Mahalanobis Distance between pixel and model X Inverse_pooled_covariance = np.linalg.inv(pooled_covariance) Pooled_covariance = (m / q * x_covariance) # + (n / q * y_cov) -< Always 0 for a single point N = 1 # Only ever comparing to a single pixel X_covariance = x_centered.T.dot(x_centered) / len(x_centered) Mah = g.T.dot(inv_pool_cov).dot(g) ** 0.5įull working code sample of what I'm trying to achieve, I am using OpenCV so any OpenCV approaches such as Apply LUT are welcome, as are C/C++ approaches: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt Pool_cov = (m / q * x_cov) + (n / q * y_cov) Y_cov = y_centered.T.dot(y_centered) / len(y_centered) Rgb2something(r, g, b) looks like this: def rgb2something(r, g, b): ![]() ![]() How can I increase the performance of this? EDIT In 2 dimensions it's rather fast, however in 3 dimensions (r, g and b) it's slow. However both generating the LUT and calculating the result is still slow. Lut = rgb2something(r, g, b)Īnd to convert RGB to the transformed probability image: result = np.take(lut, r_channel + (g_channel * 256) + (b_channel * 65536)) To generate the LUT (Look up table): import numpy as np I have tried the following approach to speed the conversion up. EDIT shader_lut_doc_define.I have a function I will call 'rgb2something' that transforms RGB data into a single value (a probability), looping over each pixel in the input RGB data turns out to be rather slow. Run the example by creating an instance of the object at the IDL command prompt using oLUTshader=OBJ_NEW('shader_lut_doc') or view the file in an IDL Editor window by entering. See shader_lut_doc_define.pro, located in the examples/doc/shaders subdirectory of the IDL distribution, for the complete, working example. Adjusting data ranges such as converting an 11-bit image to 8-bits for display (see “High Precision Images” for more information).Adjusting image brightness, gamma, contrast, color balance and other settings.For example, if your image is 8-bit greyscale and you need to apply an expensive function to each pixel it is normally more efficient to pass each of the 256 greyscale values to the function and store the result in a 256 entry LUT used for drawing. Optimizing the evaluation of expensive functions.LUTs are useful for a number of tasks including: The IMAGE_1D property on the IDLgrImage object lets you load color lookup table (LUT) values into a texture map and pass the LUT to a shader program.
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Fortunately, there’s a way to restore your GTA V files. When you’ve spent time, and possibly real money, on developing your criminal empire, this problem can be incredibly frustrating. Many Grand Theft Auto V PC players have indicated an issue with files crashing and losing their saved games. If you take a walk to your wardrobe, you’ll also see new clothes to don. When it comes to your vehicular arsenal, you’ll receive ten high-performance cars to rip through the streets. You’d have the edge over the competition unless they bought the pack before you. There’s a Criminal Enterprise Starter Pack with unique items, vehicles, and bonus cash, all to the value of $10,000,000 in San Andreas. The main difference between GTA 5 and GTA 5 Premium Online Edition is the boost you get to the multiplayer version. You’ll also receive the standard weapons, packs, and items available to all players. The common elements include the campaign and online modes. While the GTA V Standard Edition is more affordable, the Premium Edition has additional features you may enjoy. For security reasons, you should never share your account information with anyone. It includes providing your location details, submitting privacy information, and inserting an account username and password. You’re also going to have to create a Rockstar Games Social Club Account for playing GTA V on Windows. The file will take a while to install since it requires both the offline and multiplayer modes. You have the option to create a shortcut on your desktop for easy access. Once you have the file, you can use the install wizard and select the location on your hard drive where you'd like to keep the program data. ![]() The file size is a testament to how much work and regular new content Rockstar Games puts into the action/adventure game It’s grown over the years, starting at 36 GB in 2013 and reaching 65 GB by 2015. How to install GTA V on Windowsīefore you can play Grand Theft Auto V on Window s, you’ll need to download the massive 95 GB file. The chief variation is that you can compete against others for rewards or join your friends in eliminating your opponents. Grand Theft Auto Online contains many of the same elements of the campaign mechanics. The open-world aspect has been kept in place, so that you can freely choose how you want to live your online existence. You begin by creating an avatar, changing its looks, gender, clothing, and other items. GTA Online has become popular over the years, with players still using their characters to cause chaos in the different multiplayer challenges. GTA V loads each segment separately, so you’ll leave campaign mode before entering multiplayer. Before you start playing, deciding which version you want to access is essential. The action-packed game is available in offline and online modes. ![]() You’ll also need to make critical decisions during select parts of the story, which will affect the outcome. Grand Theft Auto V is better suited to a mature audience, containing elements of sex, drugs, and extreme violence. Of course, there’s the core crime theme, so you can resort to violence and theft to claim assets for free. If you’re into real estate and vehicles, you can use your amassed fortune to buy several of them in the city. The former propels you towards the end of the storyline, while the latter gives you funds and experience to get better weapons and other items. You can freely switch among them in the GTA V campaign, selecting the primary objectives or side quests. ![]() 450 BM is optimally a 200-yard cartridge. Vortex Viper PST 1-6X24 in Vortex one-piece mount was chosen for the evaluation. The tip of the cartridge is approximately ½ inch from the front of the magazine, but due to the generous length of the feed lips-1¾ inches-the cartridge stays in place until it is guided smoothly onto the feed ramp. The magazine well has a slight bevel to aid in inserting the mag.ĭue to the diameter of the cartridge, magazine capacity is three rounds for a total on-board capacity of four rounds. The magazine is made from a tough polymer, and a spring-loaded magazine release is incorporated into the front of the mag. Sights are not provided with the Ranch Rifle, but it has a factory installed five-inch aluminum Picatinny rail, so the user can mount the optics of his choice. The rifle comes with a cap to protect the threads when a muzzle device is not installed. The muzzle is threaded (11/16×24) for use with a suppressor or other muzzle device. The cold hammer forged barrel is 16.1 inches long with a 1:16 twist. The trigger pull on the test rifle broke cleanly and consistently at 3.5 pounds as measured by a Lyman Electronic Trigger Pull gauge. The rifle has Ruger’s Marksman Adjustable™ trigger, which is user adjustable between three and five pounds. A cocking indicator directly above the safety extends from the bolt when the rifle is cocked. The thumb safety is well placed below the bolt and can be used with equal aplomb by either a right- or left-handed shooter. The bolt handle is smooth, which equates to fast, efficient manipulation. Bolt throw is 70 degrees, providing good scope clearance, while dual cocking cams allow the action to be worked effortlessly for the shoulder. The barrel and action are matte black, though the bolt handle is blued. Indicator above safety is exposed when rifle is cocked. ![]() Sling studs are located at the front and rear of the stock. The black buttpad is a soft, but not spongy, rubber. ![]() The pistol grip cap is black with a red Ruger logo. The stock color is close to Flat Dark Earth and has texturing with unique serrations on the forend and pistol grip area. Due to the large bore size removing more steel, this rifle is slightly lighter than other Ranch Rifles, weighing in at 5.5 pounds.Īlso contributing to its light weight is the Ranch Rifle’s synthetic stock. The American Ranch Rifle is a short, handy rifle, measuring only 36 inches from muzzle to buttpad. Instead they opted to go with a bolt-action rifle from the popular American Series, specifically the American Ranch Rifle. With Ruger’s expertise in AR-type rifles, they could easily have gone with the platform the cartridge was designed for. Just as this issue ships to subscribers, Ruger has introduced a rifle chambered for the. Like all Ranch Rifles, sample evaluated uses Ruger’s Marksman Adjustable™ trigger. The cartridge is capable of taking any big game in North America. ![]() In recent years, there have been reports of large elk and even bison taken with the. I became an instant fan of the cartridge. Feral hogs are not easy to kill, especially one that’s fully adrenalized, but the hog went down with a single hit. Publisher Richard Lucibella and Ashley Emerson in Texas.Īs the hog crossed in front of me at a full run, I put the circle-dot reticle of the Leupold CQ/T on the nose and pressed the trigger, hitting just above the shoulder. A few weeks after receiving it, I shot a large razorback while hunting with S.W.A.T. I received the first production Bushmaster XM-15 rifle chambered for the then-new cartridge. Rifle outfitted as used in the evaluation. 45-70 Government round loaded with the Hornady 250-grain MONOFLEX™ bullet. This actually exceeds the ballistics of the. 450 Bushmaster (.450 BM) consists of a 250-grain FTX bullet leaving the muzzle at around 2,200 feet-per-second (fps) with almost 2,700 foot-pounds of energy. Cooper was not a fan of the 5.56x45mm NATO round and envisioned a need for a large-bore cartridge in a semi-auto rifle that would provide one-shot kills on big game animals at 250 yards.īushmaster Firearms worked closely with Hornady and the. 450 Bushmaster is descended from the “Thumper” concept popularized by Jeff Cooper. 450 Bushmaster and Ruger Muzzle-Brake knife are a great combination for big game. ![]() Free Gems and Coins!įacebook: Twitter: /nordcurrent Oh, and did we say that this game is as addictive and as engrossing as fever? Have fun cooking and don’t forget to share your delicious meals with your friends on Facebook!įinally a moment that you have been waiting all years is here. Make your own freebies, such as cookies or cupcakes, to make your customers’ experience more personal and memorable – just like in real life! Upgrade your kitchen and produce an even greater variety of dishes. Decorate your restaurants to attract more clients. 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One day, he called me and he was like ‘I dedicated this song to your daughter.’ I just chalked it up to… Me and Tupac have letters that I’ve never shown anyone.” “Nothing happened between us, but he met Corin a couple of times. “ had conversations where he told me he respected me,” Salt shared. His warts and all line “a bottle of juice, is no excuse” feels applicable to a whole range of Black murders and, upon rediscovering the track, it feels more pertinent than ever.īut Pac also used the first few bars of the track to pay tribute to a friend, Salt of Salt ‘N’ Pepa and her daughter as he notes: “A lil sumthin’ for my godson Elijah and a lil girl named Corin…” riots and is immortalised in Pac’s song about injustice. The murder was the flashpoint for the 1992 L.A. ![]() The song not only reflects on Pac’s troubled upbringing on the streets and the idea of systemic Black poverty but also shines a light on the murder of Latasha Harlins, who was shot and killed for putting a bottle into her backpack. The song showcased his new direction for socially-centred songs. One such song that saw Pac really open up was his anthemic song ‘Keep Ya Head Up’. ![]() Unashamedly, he cut himself to see the blood unreservedly he taught us that the world was a dangerous place if we let it pass us by and, because of this, he became an unequivocal hero. On every song, within every album, we are given a piece of Pac. But the real reason his work is so highly respected is that he committed himself to the craft. Of course, Shakur was blessed with a natural rhythm and was more than capable of applying himself off the cuff to any situation. ![]() Les patrons de conception décrivent des solutions standard pour répondre à des problèmes d'architecture et de conception des logiciels. Motif de conception qui est une traduction alternative de design pattern, perçue comme incorrecte par certains. Un patron de conception (design pattern en anglais) est un concept de génie logiciel destiné à résoudre les problèmes récurrents suivant le paradigme objet. ![]() Classe et prototype Connaissais vous les design pattern ? c'est quoi leurs catégories ? Donner quelques exemples pertinents ! Redéfinition des messages (ou overriding en anglais). La programmation objet permet à un sous-type de raffiner la mise en œuvre d'un message défini dans le type père, autrement dit de redéfinir la méthode associée au message : c'est le principe de > typage dynamique, typage statique, typage par inférence Les objets de ce sous-type sont conformes aussi au type père, ces objets sont donc Un type père en un autre type, le sous-type c'est un mécanisme de restrictions des espaces de valeurs du type. Une façon de réaliser le polymorphisme est le sous-typage (appelé aussi héritage de type) : mécanisme par lequel est raffiné Une valeur d'un type précis, dès que ceux-ci satisfont le type requis. Ceci permet d'utiliser des objets de types différents là où est attendue C'est ce que l'on appelle le polymorphisme. Le typage et le polymorphisme : Un objet peut appartenir à plus d'un type. ![]() Principal réside dans la capacité à pouvoir modifier la structure interne des objets ou les méthodes associées aux messages sans impact sur les utilisateurs des objets. Encapsulation : Les attributs (ou plus exactement leur représentation informatique) et les méthodes sont cachés ils forment une boîte noire. C'est quoi les principaux points dans la programmation objet ? |
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